Environmental Health and Safety

Winter driving essentials

Road hazards increase significantly during the winter due to ice, snow, and reduced visibility. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, 24% of weather-related vehicle crashes occur, and more than 116,800 people are injured annually in these conditions. From Facilities trucks to Intercampus shuttles, the University relies on a vast fleet to keep operations moving. Whether you are driving a University vehicle across campus or commuting in your personal car, keep these essential safety tips in mind to ensure safe driving.

• The 3-second rule becomes the 8-second rule: The standard 3-second following distance is not enough for winter conditions. Slow down and allow significantly more space between your car and the one ahead.
• Strategic routing: Plan your route before you drive and avoid taking unnecessary trips. When you must travel, find the safest route by sticking to main, well-lit roads and intersections that are more likely to be plowed and salted.
• Proper maintenance: Make sure your vehicle is properly maintained and that tires have sufficient tread to handle slippery roads.
• Visibility is non-negotiable: It is critical to ensure your visibility is not blocked or reduced by clearing all ice and snow off your windows before driving.

The science of cold stress

A cold work environment forces the body to work harder to maintain its core temperature of 98.6°F. It’s important to check the local forecast regularly so you know what conditions to expect. If your work is outdoors, it is vital to recognize the three major cold injuries.

1. Frostbite is caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues.
   • Warning signs: Redness or pain in the skin, followed by white or grayish-yellow skin. The skin may feel unusually firm or waxy, accompanied by numbness.
   • Action: Frostbite can occur in minutes in extremely cold temperatures. Seek warm shelter immediately.
2. Hypothermia occurs when the body uses up its stored energy and can no longer produce heat.
   • Warning signs: Shivering, exhaustion, confusion, fumbling hands, memory loss, slurred speech, and drowsiness.
   • Action: This is a medical emergency. Call 911 immediately.
3. Trench foot is a less common but dangerous injury caused by prolonged exposure to wet and cold conditions. Surprisingly, trench foot can occur in temperatures as high as 60°F if the feet are wet.
   • Warning signs: Reddening skin, tingling, numbness, pain, swelling, leg cramps, and blisters.
   • Action: Remove wet shoes and socks immediately, dry the feet carefully, and seek medical attention.

To prevent cold stress injuries from occurring, wear several layers of clothing for insulation, keep an extra pair of socks available to stay dry, remain hydrated by drinking plenty of warm beverages, and take frequent breaks in warm, dry areas when working outdoors.